The Minneapolis police department has engaged in a pattern of racial discrimination for at least a decade, including stopping and arresting Black people at a higher rate than white people, using force more often on people of color and maintaining a culture where racist language is tolerated, a state investigation launched after George Floyd’s murder by an officer found.
The report released Wednesday by the Minnesota department of human rights, following a nearly two-year investigation, said the agency and the city would negotiate a court-enforceable agreement to address the long list of problems identified in the report.
This would include input from residents, officers, city staff and others.
The report said police department data “demonstrates significant racial disparities with respect to officers’ use of force, traffic stops, searches, citations and arrests”.
And it said officers “used covert social media to surveil Black individuals and Black organizations, unrelated to criminal activity, and maintain an organizational culture where some officers and supervisors use racist, misogynistic and disrespectful language with impunity”.
Rebecca Lucero, human rights commissioner, said during a news conference after the report was released that it doesn’t single out any officers or city leaders.
“This investigation is not about one individual or one incident,” Lucero said.
Asked how long the agreement with the city, known as a consent decree, might have to remain in force, Lucero said: “As long as it takes to do it right.” Consent decrees in federal cases, for example, often remain in place for years.
The report said the city and police department “do not need to wait to institute immediate changes to begin to address the causes of discrimination that weaken the city’s public safety system and harm community members”.
It listed several steps that the city can take now, including implementing stronger internal oversight to hold officers accountable for their conduct, better training and better communication with the public about critical incidents such as officer-involved shootings.
National civil rights attorney Ben Crump and his law partners, who won a $27m settlement from the city for the Floyd family, called the report “historic” and “monumental in its importance”. They said they were “grateful and deeply hopeful” that change is imminent.
“We call on city, state and police leaders to accept the challenge of these findings and make meaningful change at last to create trust between communities of color in Minneapolis and those who are sworn to protect and serve them,” the lawyers said in a statement.
Messages to the Minneapolis mayor, Jacob Frey, and the police department seeking comment on the report weren’t immediately returned. Lucero said the city got its first look at the report Wednesday morning.
Michelle Gross, president of advocacy group Communities United Against Police Brutality, called the finding “obvious”.
“The findings were no surprise, but now there’s an agency with the muscle to make those changes happen,” Gross said.
She said a critical next step is who will monitor a consent decree to make sure changes actually happen, and said she would demand that community members take part. Gross said she was meeting Thursday with Lucero’s department and that monitoring a decree would top her agenda.
The Department of Human Rights launched its investigation barely a week after Floyd’s death on 25 May 2020.
Then officer Derek Chauvin used his knee to pin the Black father to the pavement for nine and a half minutes, in a case that sparked protests around the world against police racism and brutality.
Chauvin, who is white, was convicted last spring of murder and pleaded guilty to federal civil rights violations. Three other fired officers, Tou Thao, Thomas Lane and J Alexander Kueng, were convicted this year of violating Floyd’s civil rights in a federal trial and they face a state trial starting in June.
State investigators reviewed a decade’s worth of information, including data on traffic stops, searches, arrests and uses of force, and examined policies and training.
The Minnesota department of human rights is the state’s civil rights enforcement agency. Its duties include enforcing the Minnesota Human Rights Act which, among other things, makes it illegal for a police department to discriminate against someone because of their race.
“Race-based policing is unlawful and especially harms people of color and Indigenous individuals – sometimes costing community members their lives,” the report said.
People of color or Indigenous individuals comprise about 42% of the city’s population, the report said, while about 19% of city residents are Black.
The US Department of Justice is also investigating Minneapolis policing practices, though it is not thought to be close to a conclusion.
Minneapolis police have made some changes, including requiring officers to document their attempts to de-escalate situations, and no longer stopping motorists for minor traffic violations.