Sometimes when Charlie Chasen or Michael Malone would be out and about on their own in Atlanta, people would mistake one for the other.
The long-time friends who live in Atlanta are not related. Their ancestors don’t even come from the same part of the world.
Malone’s family came from the Bahamas and the Dominican Republic. Chasen’s family came from Scotland and Lithuania.
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They are also not the result of some deep dark family secret. Yet they look strikingly similar.
It’s not just their brown hair, beards and glasses. It’s also the structure of their nose, their cheekbones, and the shape of their lips.
Michael Malone and Charles Hall Chasen. Credit: François Brunelle/CNN“Michael and I go way back and it’s all been like a source of a lot of fun for us because, over the years, we’ve been mistaken for each other all over the place, all over Atlanta,” Chasen told CNN’s Don Lemon.
“There’s been some really interesting situations that have come out just because people thought we were the other person.”
The two look so similar, even facial recognition software had a hard time telling them apart from identical twins. But now scientists think they can explain what it is that makes them look so similar – and could explain why each of us may have doppelganger.
People who resemble each other, but are not directly related, still seem to have genetic similarities, according to a new study.
Among those who had these genetic similarities, many also had similar weights, similar lifestyle factors, and similar behavioural traits such as smoking and education levels.
That could mean genetic variation is related to physical appearance and also potentially may influence some habits and behaviour.
Karen Chu and Ashlee Wong. Credit: François Brunelle/CNNScientists have long wondered what it is that creates a person’s doppelganger.
Is it nature or nurture?
A team of researchers in Spain tried to find out. Their results were published in the journal Cell Reports on Tuesday.
Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute researcher Dr Manel Esteller worked on research involving twins in the past, but for this project he was interested in people who look alike but have no actual family connection going back almost 100 years.
Art leads to scienceSo, he turned to art to answer a question about science.
He and his co-authors recruited 32 people with look-alikes who were part of photo project I’m Not A Look-alike! by Canadian artist Francois Brunelle.
The researchers asked the pairs to do a DNA test and fill out questionnaires about their lives.
The scientists also put the images through three different facial recognition programs.
Pierre Rondou and Camille Dubé. Credit: François Brunelle/CNNOf the people they recruited, 16 pairs had similar scores to identical twins identified using the same software.
The other 16 pairs may have looked the same to the human eye but the algorithm did not think so in one of the facial recognition programs.
Researchers then took a closer look at participants’ DNA. The pairs the facial recognition software said were similar had many more genes in common than the other 16 pairs.
“We were able to see that these look-alike humans, in fact, they are sharing several genetic variants. And these are very common among them,” Esteller said.
“So they share these genetic variants that are related in a way that they have the shape of the nose, the eye, the mouth, the lips, and even the bone structure. And this was the main conclusion that genetics puts them together.”
Geneviève Kirouac and Dominique Sévigny. Credit: François Brunelle/CNNThese are similar codes, he said, but it is just by random chance.
“In the world right now, there are so many people that eventually the system is producing humans with similar DNA sequences,” Esteller said.
This likely was always true but now, with the internet, it’s a lot easier to find them.
Other factors at playWhen they looked closer at the pairs, they determined other factors were different, he said.
“There’s the reason they are not completely identical,” Esteller said.
When scientists looked closer at what they call the epigenomes of the doppelgangers that looked most alike, there were bigger differences.
Epigenetics is the study of how the environment and behaviour can cause changes in the way a person’s genes work.
When the scientists looked at the microbiome of the pairs that looked most alike, those were different, too.
The microbiome are the microorganisms – the viruses, bacteria, and fungi too small to see with the human eye – that live in the human body.
“These results not only provide insights about the genetics that determine our face but also might have implications for the establishment of other human anthropometric properties and even personality characteristics,” the study said.
Joshua Corrigan and Francisco Costela. Credit: François Brunelle/CNNThe study does have limitations.
The sample size was small, so it is difficult to say that these results would be true for a larger group of look-alikes. Although researchers believe that their findings would change in a larger group.
The study also focused on pairs that were largely of European origin, so it is unclear if the results would be the same for people who come from other parts of the planet.
Dr Karen Gripp a pediatrician and geneticist at Nemours Children’s Health whose research is referenced in this work, said the study is really interesting and validates a lot of the research that comes before it.
Beatriz Nogueira and Bruna Soares Da Costa. Credit: François Brunelle/CNNReal world application of the scienceGripp uses facial analysis software to assess her patient’s facial features which might be suggestive of certain genetic conditions.
“It’s a little bit different from the study, but it really points in the same direction,” Gripp said.
“That changes in a person’s genetic material affect the facial structures, and that’s really the same underlying assumption that was used in this study as being indeed confirmed, in contrast to some other things like the microbiome did not seem to be as relevant.”
As far as the nature versus nurture question the study brings up, Gripp thinks that both are important.
“As a geneticist, I firmly believe in the nature and the genetic material being very important to almost everything, but that does not take away from saying nurture is just as important,” Gripp said.
“For every person to be successful in the world there are so many contributing factors and the environment is so important that I don’t think it’s one or the other.”
Ignacio Contreras and Antonio Carranza. Credit: François Brunelle/CNNA potential problemGripp said the study also points out there are still limits to the accuracy of facial recognition software.
While several cities concerned about privacy issues and misidentification problems have enacted rules banning or restricting local police from using facial-recognition software, the US federal government and some local law enforcement have been using it more frequently.
In 2021, a US federal investigation found at least 16 federal agencies use it for digital access or cybersecurity, six use it to generate leads in criminal investigations, and 10 more plan to expand its use.
It’s also used more commonly at airports.
Some companies use it to help make hiring decisions. Some landlords have installed it so tenants can enter buildings. Some schools use it to take attendance and to monitor movements in public spaces on college campuses.
Elisabeth De Freitas and Meira France Desranleau. Credit: François Brunelle/CNN“If you translate this study into the real world, that shows you a potential pitfall that digital facial analysis tools could misidentify somebody,” Gripp said.
While the technology has been improving, in past studies the technology has already been shown to be far less accurate when identifying people of colour, and several black men have been wrongfully arrested due to facial recognition.
“If you think about the facial recognition software that often opens computer screens and things like that, misidentification is possible,” Gripp said.
“So I think this has taught us something very important about facial analysis tools too.”
André Ravary and Jean Aumais. Credit: François Brunelle/CNNBut the study does seem to suggest one conclusion.
At least physically, we may not be all unique.
“I think all of us right now have somebody that looks like us, a double,” Esteller said.
While some would prefer to be singular in appearance, Malone, who happens to be friends with his double, is heartened by the fact that he is not alone in his looks.
His similarity to his friend has made them closer, and he thinks if more people knew how similar they were to others that maybe they, too, could find commonality, especially in this polarised world.
“It’s made me realise that we are all connected,” Malone said.
“We’re all connected because humankind probably starts with one little thing.”
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